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The yellowstripe scad, ''Selaroides leptolepis'', (also known as the yellowstripe trevally, yellow-banded trevally, smooth-tailed trevally, slender-scaled trevally and slender trevally) is a species of small inshore fish in the jack and horse mackerel family Carangidae, and the only member of the genus ''Selaroides''. In south-east Asia, it is commonly known as "kunning"(or kuning) in Malay. The yellowstripe trevally is distributed throughout the tropical waters of the Indo-West Pacific region, ranging from the Persian Gulf in the west to Vanuatu and New Caledonia in the east. The species is distinguished by its prominent lateral yellow band, and differs from the scads of ''Selar'' in having a smaller eye and different dentition. The yellowstripe scad reaches a maximum recorded length of 22 cm, however is normally encountered at sizes less than 15 cm. Phylogenetic studies indicate the yellowstripe scad is closely related to the scads of the genus ''Selar'', although its exact placement in the family Carangidae is less well agreed upon. A schooling species that predominantly inhabits inshore waters, the yellowstripe scad is a predatory fish, taking crustaceans, small fish and a variety of other planktonic prey. Feeding occurs at different times of the day and night throughout its range. The species reaches sexual maturity at around 8–13 cm, with spawning in India shown to occur in two peak periods between January to April and July to October. The yellowstripe scad is an important commercial species, with between 113,000 t and 195,000 t reported worldwide between 1990 and 2010. The species is predominantly harvested with trawls, however is also taken with smaller traditional nets. The yellowstripe scad is marketed fresh, frozen, as a dried fish snack as well as several novel ways including fish powder, surimi and burgers. ==Taxonomy and phylogeny== The yellowstripe scad is the only member of the monotypic genus ''Selaroides'', one of around thirty genera in the jack and horse mackerel family Carangidae. The Carangidae are perciform fish within the subfamily Percoidei. The yellowstripe scad was first scientifically described by the famed French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1833 based on the holotype specimen taken from the waters of Java, Indonesia. He named the species ''Caranx leptolepis'', with the specific epithet derived from Greek, meaning 'thin scales'. In 1851 the Dutch ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker re-examined the species and concluded it warranted placement in its own genus, which he named ''Selaroides'' meaning 'like ''Selar'' in reference to the similarity between these fishes. For unknown reasons Bleeker later reassigned the species to another new genus, ''Leptaspis'', without stating any reason for the change. As ''Selaroides'' was published first it has priority according to ICZN rules and ''Leptaspis'' is rendered an invalid junior synonym. In the same volume he described ''Caranx leptolepis'', Cuvier also described ''Caranx mertensii'' based on a sketch alone.〔 This name is now considered to be synonymous with ''S. leptolepis''. Between 1883 and 1877 the species was redescribed a further three times, with all these names also considered to be junior synonyms.〔 The species is commonly referred to as the 'yellowstripe', 'yellow-banded' or 'gold-banded' scad or trevally in reference to the distinctive yellow strip running along the side of the species. Other names applied to the species include 'smooth-tailed trevally', 'slender-scaled' or 'thin scaled' trevally or scad and 'slender trevally', with an extensive list of non-English names also used. The yellowstripe scad has been included in several phylogenetic analyses of the Carangidae, with each study suggesting slightly different relationships. All studies confirmed its placement in the subfamily ''Caranginae'', a monophyletic grouping including the trevallies, jacks, scads and horse mackerels. The first of these studies by Soko Gushiken was based on morphological characteristics and found the species was part of a monophyletic clade of the scads and horse mackerels with ''Atule'', ''Selar'', ''Trachurus'' and ''Decapterus'', being most closely related to ''Atule''. A 1987 analysis of genetic divergence amongst the scads and horse mackerels using isozyme electrophoresis indicated the species was most closely related to ''Selar'', forming a monophyletic clade with ''Trachurus'', but being more distant from ''Decapterus''. Two studies in 2002 and 2007 of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences generally agreed that ''Selaroides'' was most closely related to ''Selar'' (depending on analysis type), however both indicated a closer relationship to the deeper bodied genera such as ''Caranx'' and ''Hemicaranx'' than to the scads of ''Trachurus'' and ''Decapterus''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yellowstripe scad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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